ABSTRACT
This study aimed to establish a comprehensive screening and referral system for chronic non-communicable diseases [CNCD] in the routine primary health care, and to determine the prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia in adult population invited by public announcement to the Health clinics in Isfahan, Iran. This survey was conducted from March 2010, and the current paper presents data obtained until November 2011. To provide health services for prevention and control of CNCDs, with priority of type2 diabetes mellitus, Health clinics were established in different parts of Isfahan city with a population of approximately 2,100,000 in Iran. The general populations aged 30 years and above were invited to the Health clinics by public announcement. A total of 198972 participants were screened. The mean age of participants was 47.8 years [48.5 men, 47.3 women], with a range of 1 to 95 years old and standard deviation of 12.3 years [12.7 men, 12.1 women]. Overall, 22% of participants had impaired fasting glucose, 25% had hypercholesterolemia, 31% had hypertriglyceridemia, and 20% had metabolic syndrome. The high prevalence of dysglycemia and diabetes in our survey may serve as confirmatory evidence about the importance of mass screening and early diagnosis of CNCDs' risk factors. Our model of establishing Health clinics, as a comprehensive referral system in the routine primary health care can be adopted by Middle Eastern countries, where CNCDs notably diabetes are an emerging health problem
ABSTRACT
A school-based surveillance system entitled the childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of Adult No communicable disease [CASPIAN] Study is implemented at national level in Iran. This paper presents the methods and primary findings of the third survey of this surveillance system. This national survey was performed in 2009-2010 in 27 provinces of Iran among 5570 students and one of their parents. In addition to physical examination, fasting serum was obtained. Body mass index was categorized based on the World Health Organization growth charts. Data of 5528 students [2726 girls, 69.37% urban, mean age 14.7 +/- 2.4 years] were complete and are reported. Overall, 17.3% [17.3% of girls and 17.5% of boys] were underweight, and 17.7% [15.5% of girls and 19.9% of boys] were overweight or obese. Abdominal obesity was documented in 16.3% of students [17.8% of girls and 15% of boys]. 57.6% of families consumed breads, the staple food for Iranians, prepared with white flour. Most families [43.8% in urban areas and 58.6% in rural areas] used solid hydrogenated fats. 22.7% of students did not add salt to the table food. 14.2% of students reported to have a regular daily physical activity for at least 30 min a day. Overall, 10.4% of students [11.7% in urban areas and 7.3% in rural areas] reported that they used tobacco products, often water pipe. 32.8% of students experienced at least three times of bullying in the previous 3 months. During the year prior to the survey, 14.46% of students had an injury needing the interference by school health providers. This survey is confirmatory evidence on the importance of establishing surveillance systems for risk behaviors to implement action-oriented interventions